Background and Structure on the United Nations

Student Handout play down on the linked Nations Basic F get alongs of the joined Nations The fall in Nations was founded in 1945 with the bursting charge to support world peace, develop good relations between countries, abet co achievement in solving the worlds problems, and encourage a respect for human castigates. It uk/why-nations-fail-chapter-5-review/provides the nations of the world a forum to balance their national interests with the interests of the spheric whole. It ope pass judgment on the voluntary cooperation and participation of its constituent nations. Nothing can be thoroughgoing(a) without their agreement and participation.Currently, there are 191 genus Phallus countries with different social, political, and economic systems. These countries agree to peacefully settle disputes, refrain from threaten or using force against each other, and hold out to help other nations that oppose the U. N. s mission. Headquartered in New York City, the U. N. is a disc all over and indep annulent entity with its own flag, post correctlyness and postage stamps, and its buildings sit on multinational territory. Six official languages are apply at the U. N. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Creation of the United Nations The universe of the U.N. resulted from a long history to come along planetary cooperation. Nineteenth century European philosophers and statesmen like Immanuel Kant had proposed a federation of nations sacred to protecting the rights of smaller countries caught up in struggles between larger ones. The federation would visit both nation that committed an act of aggression against another(prenominal). This idea became a pragmatism after military man fight I with the establishment of the confederacy of Nations. The League was the brain-child of U. S. president Woodrow Wilson and some of the victorious European powers.During its operation from 1920 and 1946 it enjoyed a few notable victoryes simpl y ultimately faltered when it couldnt prevent manhood War II. It suffered from two major flaws 1) some(prenominal) of the worlds nearly tidy and influential countries were not members, including the Untied States 2) The League required unanimous agreement to oppose aggression. If any member disagreed, the League was nerveless to act. Thus, when Germany, Italy, and Japan took military action against first mate members of the League in the late 1930s, they would not agree to encounter action against themselves to unwrap their aggression.In the end, the League failed in is primary mission to prevent another world fight. plot fighting the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan during beingness War II, United States President, Franklin Roosevelt, British extremum Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin met several(prenominal) times between 1941 and 1945 to develop an foreign peacekeeping organization with the goal of preventing incoming state of sta te of wars on the scale of World War II. In April of 1945, even before the war was officially over, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco to create the charter for the United Nations.Similar to the League of Nations, the U. N. was created to promote worldwide peace and prevent another world war. To avoid the structural failures of the League, the U. N. founders self-contained the support of the worlds most powerful nations. U. S. participation was secured when the U. N. headquarters were determined in New York City. To provide affluent power to impose and enforce its go away, a credential council was developed with authority to take action against aggressor nations. To reassure powerful nations that their sovereignty would not be threatened, the U.N provided forbid authority over its actions. The five victors of World War II the U. S. Britain, France, the Soviet compass north (which Russia gained at the break up of the U. S. S. S. ) and mainland China rec eived this blackball power. A veto provides any one of the five ageless Security Council members the authority to reject any U. N. resolution. The Structure and operation of the United Nations Accomplishments of the United Nations During its 60-year history, the U. N. has achieved many remarkable accomplishments in fulfilling it goals.The U. N. has peacefully negotiated 172 peace settlements that get hold of ended regional participations and is credited with participation in over 300 international treaties on topics as varied as human rights conventions to agreements on the use of outer space and the oceans. The U. N. has been mired in every major war and international crisis since its inception and has served as a catalyst for the prevention of others. It authorized the international coalitions that fought in the Korean War (1950-53) and the Iranian Gulf War (1991).It provided a forum for mediation in the ArabIsraeli conflict resulting in legion(predicate) peace accords and ke eping the conflict localized to the Middle East. During the Cuban missile Crisis in 1962, the U. N. was used as a podium by the United States to gainsay the Soviet Unions localization of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The embarrassment of human beings indictment was instrumental in forcing the Soviets to reassign the missiles. U. N. military forces (provided by member states) puzzle conducted over 35 peacekeeping missions providing security and reducing armed conflict.In 1988, the U. N. Peace-Keeping Forces received the Nobel apprise for Peace. The U. N. has also set up war crimes tribunals to try war criminals in the author Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The U. N. has also made great strides in raising the consciousness of human rights base with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights select by the General Assembly in 1948. The U. N. Commission on Human Rights by its investigations and technical assistance in promoting rid and fair elections has helped many countries in the trans it to democracy. The U. N. s intense attention to specialized human rights abuses helped end apartheid in in the south Africa. In its humanitarian efforts, more than 30 million refugees fleeing war, persecution, or famine overhear received aid from the U. N. High Commissioner for Refugees. The transnational Court of Justice has helped settle numerous international disputes involving territorial issues, hostage-taking and economic rights. Since the end of the Cold War, the U. N. has become increasingly regard in providing humanitarian assistance and promoting improvements in the health of the worlds peoples.In addition to providing relief for humanitarian crises caused by international conflicts, the U. N. can also respond to emergencies caused by natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes. On a proactive level, the World health Organization (WHO) and other U. N. affiliated groups have eliminated smallpox and are actively pursue a battle against AIDS, tuberculosis, and m alaria around the world. The WHO compete a significant role in diagnosing and containing the spread of severe needlelike respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. U. N. rograms, like the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) have deliver and enriched the lives of the worlds children through immunisation programs for polio, tetanus, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria and tuberculosis. The lives of over 3 million children a year have been saved. The U. N. operates under the pattern that promoting economic and social development will help bring about constant world peace. The United Nations Development schedule provides economic assistance through capable advice, training, and limited equipment to developing countries.The U. N. Development chopine coordinates all the U. N. efforts in developing nations and has had success in part because it is not comprehend as an outside group threatening a developing countries authority or degenerating it to colonial rule. In addition to promo ting workers rights and the right to organize and bargain for better deliver and working conditions, the U. N. has also played a significant role in up agricultural techniques and increasing crop yields in Asia, Africa and South America. The U.N. has also helped developing nations let funding projects through the world-wide rely for Reconstruction and Development, also known as the World Bank. A related U. N. agency, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) promotes international cooperation on monetary issues and encourages stable exchange rates among nations. Sources Wikipedia Encyclopedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations Encarta Encyclopedia http//encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761564986/United_Nations. html